# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-01 04:37+0900\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:28
#, no-wrap
msgid "BDFLUSH"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:28
#, no-wrap
msgid "2012-03-05"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:28 build/C/man7/boot.7:12 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:29 build/C/man2/reboot.2:25 build/C/man2/sync.2:36
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:28 build/C/man7/boot.7:12 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:29 build/C/man2/reboot.2:25 build/C/man2/sync.2:36 build/C/man8/sync.8:6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:29 build/C/man7/boot.7:13 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:30 build/C/man2/reboot.2:26 build/C/man2/sync.2:37 build/C/man8/sync.8:7
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:31
msgid "bdflush - start, flush, or tune buffer-dirty-flush daemon"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:31 build/C/man2/reboot.2:28 build/C/man2/sync.2:39 build/C/man8/sync.8:9
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNOPSIS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:34
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/kdaemon.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:37
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int bdflush(int >I<func>B<, long *>I<address>B<);>\n"
"B<int bdflush(int >I<func>B<, long >I<data>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:38 build/C/man7/boot.7:15 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:32 build/C/man2/reboot.2:49 build/C/man2/sync.2:65 build/C/man8/sync.8:11
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr ""

#.  As noted in a changes in the 2.5.12 source
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:49
msgid ""
"I<Note>: Since Linux 2.6, this system call is deprecated and does nothing.  "
"It is likely to disappear altogether in a future kernel release.  Nowadays, "
"the task performed by B<bdflush>()  is handled by the kernel I<pdflush> "
"thread."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:56
msgid ""
"B<bdflush>()  starts, flushes, or tunes the buffer-dirty-flush daemon.  Only "
"a privileged process (one with the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability) may call "
"B<bdflush>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:62
msgid ""
"If I<func> is negative or 0, and no daemon has been started, then "
"B<bdflush>()  enters the daemon code and never returns."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:67
msgid "If I<func> is 1, some dirty buffers are written to disk."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:76
msgid ""
"If I<func> is 2 or more and is even (low bit is 0), then I<address> is the "
"address of a long word, and the tuning parameter numbered (I<func>-2)/2 is "
"returned to the caller in that address."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:85
msgid ""
"If I<func> is 3 or more and is odd (low bit is 1), then I<data> is a long "
"word, and the kernel sets tuning parameter numbered (I<func>-3)/2 to that "
"value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:89
msgid ""
"The set of parameters, their values, and their valid ranges are defined in "
"the kernel source file I<fs/buffer.c>."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:89 build/C/man2/reboot.2:148 build/C/man2/sync.2:76
#, no-wrap
msgid "RETURN VALUE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:98
msgid ""
"If I<func> is negative or 0 and the daemon successfully starts, B<bdflush>()  "
"never returns.  Otherwise, the return value is 0 on success and -1 on "
"failure, with I<errno> set to indicate the error."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:98 build/C/man2/reboot.2:161 build/C/man2/sync.2:82
#, no-wrap
msgid "ERRORS"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:99
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EBUSY>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:103
msgid ""
"An attempt was made to enter the daemon code after another process has "
"already entered."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:103 build/C/man2/reboot.2:162
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EFAULT>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:107
msgid "I<address> points outside your accessible address space."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:107 build/C/man2/reboot.2:166
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EINVAL>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:111
msgid ""
"An attempt was made to read or write an invalid parameter number, or to "
"write an invalid value to a parameter."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:111 build/C/man2/reboot.2:169
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EPERM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:116
msgid "Caller does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:116 build/C/man2/reboot.2:176 build/C/man2/sync.2:95 build/C/man8/sync.8:61
#, no-wrap
msgid "CONFORMING TO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:120
msgid ""
"B<bdflush>()  is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended "
"to be portable."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:120 build/C/man7/boot.7:200 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1296 build/C/man2/reboot.2:180 build/C/man2/sync.2:118 build/C/man8/sync.8:80
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:125
msgid "B<fsync>(2), B<sync>(2), B<sync>(8), B<update>(8)"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:125 build/C/man7/boot.7:206 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1308 build/C/man2/reboot.2:187 build/C/man2/sync.2:124 build/C/man8/sync.8:85
#, no-wrap
msgid "COLOPHON"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:132 build/C/man7/boot.7:213 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1315 build/C/man2/reboot.2:194 build/C/man2/sync.2:131 build/C/man8/sync.8:92
msgid ""
"This page is part of release 3.40 of the Linux I<man-pages> project.  A "
"description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
"found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:12
#, no-wrap
msgid "BOOT"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:12
#, no-wrap
msgid "2010-09-19"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:15
msgid "boot-scripts - General description of boot sequence"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:23
msgid ""
"The boot sequence varies in details among systems but can be roughly divided "
"to the following steps: (i) hardware boot, (ii) OS loader, (iii) kernel "
"startup, (iv) init and inittab, (v) boot scripts.  We will describe each of "
"these in more detail below."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:23
#, no-wrap
msgid "Hardware-boot"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:28
msgid ""
"After power-on or hard reset, control is given to a program stored on "
"read-only memory (normally PROM).  In PC we usually call this program the "
"B<BIOS>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:37
msgid ""
"This program normally makes a basic self-test of the machine and accesses "
"nonvolatile memory to read further parameters.  This memory in the PC is "
"battery-backed CMOS memory, so most people refer to it as the B<CMOS>, "
"although outside of the PC world, it is usually called B<nvram> (nonvolatile "
"ram)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:42
msgid ""
"The parameters stored in the nvram vary between systems, but as a minimum, "
"the hardware boot program should know what is the boot device, or which "
"devices to probe as possible boot devices."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:46
msgid ""
"Then the hardware boot stage accesses the boot device, loads the OS Loader, "
"which is located on a fixed position on the boot device, and transfers "
"control to it."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:46 build/C/man7/boot.7:126
#, no-wrap
msgid "Note:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:52
msgid ""
"We do not cover here booting from network.  Those who want to investigate "
"this subject may want to research: DHCP, TFTP, PXE, Etherboot."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:52
#, no-wrap
msgid "OS Loader"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:56
msgid ""
"In PC, the OS Loader is located in the first sector of the boot device - "
"this is the B<MBR> (Master Boot Record)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:64
msgid ""
"In most systems, this primary loader is very limited due to various "
"constraints.  Even on non-PC systems there are some limitations to the size "
"and complexity of this loader, but the size limitation of the PC MBR (512 "
"bytes including the partition table) makes it almost impossible to squeeze a "
"full OS Loader into it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:68
msgid ""
"Therefore, most operating systems make the primary loader call a secondary "
"OS loader which may be located on a specified disk partition."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:78
msgid ""
"In Linux the OS loader is normally B<lilo>(8)  or B<grub>(8).  Both of them "
"may install either as secondary loaders (where the DOS installed MBR points "
"to them), or as a two part loader where they provide special MBR containing "
"the bootstrap code to load the second part of the loader from the root "
"partition."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:86
msgid ""
"The main job of the OS Loader is to locate the kernel on the disk, load it "
"and run it.  Most OS loaders allow interactive use, to enable specification "
"of alternative kernel (maybe a backup in case the last compiled one isn't "
"functioning) and to pass optional parameters to the kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:86
#, no-wrap
msgid "Kernel Startup"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:91
msgid ""
"When the kernel is loaded, it initializes the devices (via their drivers), "
"starts the swapper (it is a \"kernel process\", called kswapd in modern "
"Linux kernels), and mounts the root file system (/)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:98
msgid ""
"Some of the parameters that may be passed to the kernel relate to these "
"activities (e.g: You can override the default root file system).  For "
"further information on Linux kernel parameters read B<bootparam>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:105
msgid ""
"Only then the kernel creates the first (user land)  process which is "
"numbered 1.  This process executes the program I</sbin/init>, passing any "
"parameters that weren't handled by the kernel already."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:105
#, no-wrap
msgid "init and inittab"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:110
msgid ""
"When init starts it reads I</etc/inittab> for further instructions.  This "
"file defines what should be run in different I<run-levels>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:120
msgid ""
"This gives the system administrator an easy management scheme, where each "
"run-level is associated with a set of services (e.g: B<S> is I<single-user>, "
"on B<2> most network services start, etc.).  The administrator may change "
"the current run-level via B<init>(8)  and query the current run-level via "
"B<runlevel>(8)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:124
msgid ""
"However, since it is not convenient to manage individual services by editing "
"this file, inittab only bootstraps a set of scripts that actually start/stop "
"the individual services."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:124
#, no-wrap
msgid "Boot Scripts"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:134
msgid ""
"The following description applies to System V release 4-based systems, which "
"currently covers most commercial UNIX systems (Solaris, HP-UX, Irix, Tru64)  "
"as well as the major Linux distributions (Red Hat, Debian, Mandriva, SUSE, "
"Ubuntu).  Some systems (Slackware Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD)  have a somewhat "
"different scheme of boot scripts."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:147
msgid ""
"For each managed service (mail, nfs server, cron, etc.) there is a single "
"startup script located in a specific directory (I</etc/init.d> in most "
"versions of Linux).  Each of these scripts accepts as a single argument the "
"word \"start\" -- causing it to start the service, or the word \\&\"stop\" "
"-- causing it to stop the service.  The script may optionally accept other "
"\"convenience\" parameters (e.g: \"restart\", to stop and then start, "
"\"status\" do display the service status).  Running the script without "
"parameters displays the possible arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:147
#, no-wrap
msgid "Sequencing Directories"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:155
msgid ""
"To make specific scripts start/stop at specific run-levels and in specific "
"order, there are I<sequencing directories>.  These are normally in "
"I</etc/rc[0-6S].d>.  In each of these directories there are links (usually "
"symbolic) to the scripts in the I</etc/init.d> directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:164
msgid ""
"A primary script (usually I</etc/rc>) is called from B<inittab>(5)  and "
"calls the services scripts via the links in the sequencing directories.  All "
"links with names that begin with \\(aqS\\(aq are being called with the "
"argument \"start\" (thereby starting the service).  All links with names "
"that begin with \\(aqK\\(aq are being called with the argument \"stop\" "
"(thereby stopping the service)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:174
msgid ""
"To define the starting or stopping order within the same run-level, the "
"names of the links contain order-numbers.  Also, to make the names clearer, "
"they usually end with the name of the service they refer to.  Example: the "
"link I</etc/rc2.d/S80sendmail> starts the sendmail service on runlevel 2.  "
"This happens after I</etc/rc2.d/S12syslog> is run but before "
"I</etc/rc2.d/S90xfs> is run."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:179
msgid ""
"To manage the boot order and run-levels, we have to manage these links.  "
"However, on many versions of Linux, there are tools to help with this task "
"(e.g: B<chkconfig>(8))."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:179
#, no-wrap
msgid "Boot Configuration"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:188
msgid ""
"Usually the daemons started may optionally receive command-line options and "
"parameters.  To allow system administrators to change these parameters "
"without editing the boot scripts themselves, configuration files are used.  "
"These are located in a specific directory (I</etc/sysconfig> on Red Hat "
"systems) and are used by the boot scripts."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:195
msgid ""
"In older UNIX systems, these files contained the actual command line options "
"for the daemons, but in modern Linux systems (and also in HP-UX), these "
"files just contain shell variables.  The boot scripts in I</etc/init.d> "
"B<source> the configuration files, and then use the variable values."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:195
#, no-wrap
msgid "FILES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:200
msgid "I</etc/init.d/>, I</etc/rc[S0-6].d/>, I</etc/sysconfig/>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/boot.7:206
msgid "B<inittab>(5), B<bootparam>(7), B<init>(8), B<runlevel>(8), B<shutdown>(8)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "BOOTPARAM"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "2007-12-16"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:32
msgid "bootparam - Introduction to boot time parameters of the Linux kernel"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:39
msgid ""
"The Linux kernel accepts certain 'command-line options' or 'boot time "
"parameters' at the moment it is started.  In general this is used to supply "
"the kernel with information about hardware parameters that the kernel would "
"not be able to determine on its own, or to avoid/override the values that "
"the kernel would otherwise detect."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:49
msgid ""
"When the kernel is booted directly by the BIOS (say from a floppy to which "
"you copied a kernel using 'cp zImage /dev/fd0'), you have no opportunity to "
"specify any parameters.  So, in order to take advantage of this possibility "
"you have to use software that is able to pass parameters, like LILO or "
"loadlin.  For a few parameters one can also modify the kernel image itself, "
"using rdev, see B<rdev>(8)  for further details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:59
msgid ""
"The LILO program (LInux LOader) written by Werner Almesberger is the most "
"commonly used.  It has the ability to boot various kernels, and stores the "
"configuration information in a plain text file.  (See B<lilo>(8)  and "
"B<lilo.conf>(5).)  LILO can boot DOS, OS/2, Linux, FreeBSD, UnixWare, etc., "
"and is quite flexible."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:64
msgid ""
"The other commonly used Linux loader is 'LoadLin' which is a DOS program "
"that has the capability to launch a Linux kernel from the DOS prompt (with "
"boot-args) assuming that certain resources are available.  This is good for "
"people that want to launch Linux from DOS."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:73
msgid ""
"It is also very useful if you have certain hardware which relies on the "
"supplied DOS driver to put the hardware into a known state.  A common "
"example is 'SoundBlaster Compatible' sound cards that require the DOS driver "
"to twiddle a few mystical registers to put the card into a SB compatible "
"mode.  Booting DOS with the supplied driver, and then loading Linux from the "
"DOS prompt with loadlin avoids the reset of the card that happens if one "
"rebooted instead."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:73
#, no-wrap
msgid "The Argument List"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:77
msgid ""
"The kernel command line is parsed into a list of strings (boot arguments) "
"separated by spaces.  Most of the boot args take the form of:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:79
msgid "name[=value_1][,value_2]...[,value_10]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:87
msgid ""
"where 'name' is a unique keyword that is used to identify what part of the "
"kernel the associated values (if any) are to be given to.  Note the limit of "
"10 is real, as the present code only handles 10 comma separated parameters "
"per keyword.  (However, you can reuse the same keyword with up to an "
"additional 10 parameters in unusually complicated situations, assuming the "
"setup function supports it.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:93
msgid ""
"Most of the sorting goes on in linux/init/main.c.  First, the kernel checks "
"to see if the argument is any of the special arguments 'root=', "
"\\&'nfsroot=', 'nfsaddrs=', 'ro', 'rw', 'debug' or 'init'.  The meaning of "
"these special arguments is described below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:104
msgid ""
"Then it walks a list of setup functions (contained in the bootsetups array) "
"to see if the specified argument string (such as 'foo') has been associated "
"with a setup function ('foo_setup()') for a particular device or part of the "
"kernel.  If you passed the kernel the line foo=3,4,5,6 then the kernel would "
"search the bootsetups array to see if 'foo' was registered.  If it was, then "
"it would call the setup function associated with 'foo' (foo_setup()) and "
"hand it the arguments 3, 4, 5 and 6 as given on the kernel command line."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:110
msgid ""
"Anything of the form 'foo=bar' that is not accepted as a setup function as "
"described above is then interpreted as an environment variable to be set.  A "
"(useless?) example would be to use 'TERM=vt100' as a boot argument."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:120
msgid ""
"Any remaining arguments that were not picked up by the kernel and were not "
"interpreted as environment variables are then passed onto process one, which "
"is usually the init program.  The most common argument that is passed to the "
"init process is the word 'single' which instructs init to boot the computer "
"in single user mode, and not launch all the usual daemons.  Check the manual "
"page for the version of init installed on your system to see what arguments "
"it accepts."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:120
#, no-wrap
msgid "General Non-device Specific Boot Arguments"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:121
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'init=...'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:133
msgid ""
"This sets the initial command to be executed by the kernel.  If this is not "
"set, or cannot be found, the kernel will try I</sbin/init>, then "
"I</etc/init>, then I</bin/init>, then I</bin/sh> and panic if all of this "
"fails."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:133
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'nfsaddrs=...'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:137
msgid ""
"This sets the nfs boot address to the given string.  This boot address is "
"used in case of a net boot."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:137
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'nfsroot=...'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:144
msgid ""
"This sets the nfs root name to the given string.  If this string does not "
"begin with '/' or ',' or a digit, then it is prefixed by \\&'/tftpboot/'.  "
"This root name is used in case of a net boot."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:144
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'no387'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:157
msgid ""
"(Only when B<CONFIG_BUGi386> is defined.)  Some i387 coprocessor chips have "
"bugs that show up when used in 32 bit protected mode.  For example, some of "
"the early ULSI-387 chips would cause solid lockups while performing "
"floating-point calculations.  Using the 'no387' boot arg causes Linux to "
"ignore the maths coprocessor even if you have one.  Of course you must then "
"have your kernel compiled with math emulation support!"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:157
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'no-hlt'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:170
msgid ""
"(Only when B<CONFIG_BUGi386> is defined.)  Some of the early i486DX-100 "
"chips have a problem with the 'hlt' instruction, in that they can't reliably "
"return to operating mode after this instruction is used.  Using the 'no-hlt' "
"instruction tells Linux to just run an infinite loop when there is nothing "
"else to do, and to not halt the CPU.  This allows people with these broken "
"chips to use Linux."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:170
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'root=...'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:182
msgid ""
"This argument tells the kernel what device is to be used as the root file "
"system while booting.  The default of this setting is determined at compile "
"time, and usually is the value of the root device of the system that the "
"kernel was built on.  To override this value, and select the second floppy "
"drive as the root device, one would use 'root=/dev/fd1'.  (The root device "
"can also be set using B<rdev>(8).)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:198
msgid ""
"The root device can be specified symbolically or numerically.  A symbolic "
"specification has the form /dev/XXYN, where XX designates the device type "
"('hd' for ST-506 compatible hard disk, with Y in \\&'a'-'d'; 'sd' for SCSI "
"compatible disk, with Y in 'a'-'e'; \\&'ad' for Atari ACSI disk, with Y in "
"'a'-'e', \\&'ez' for a Syquest EZ135 parallel port removable drive, with "
"Y='a', \\&'xd' for XT compatible disk, with Y either 'a' or 'b'; 'fd' for "
"floppy disk, with Y the floppy drive number\\(emfd0 would be the DOS 'A:' "
"drive, and fd1 would be 'B:'), Y the driver letter or number, and N the "
"number (in decimal) of the partition on this device (absent in the case of "
"floppies).  Recent kernels allow many other types, mostly for CD-ROMs: nfs, "
"ram, scd, mcd, cdu535, aztcd, cm206cd, gscd, sbpcd, sonycd, bpcd.  (The type "
"nfs specifies a net boot; ram refers to a ram disk.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:202
msgid ""
"Note that this has nothing to do with the designation of these devices on "
"your file system.  The '/dev/' part is purely conventional."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:207
msgid ""
"The more awkward and less portable numeric specification of the above "
"possible root devices in major/minor format is also accepted.  (E.g., "
"/dev/sda3 is major 8, minor 3, so you could use 'root=0x803' as an "
"alternative.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:207
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'ro'> and B<'rw'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:217
msgid ""
"The 'ro' option tells the kernel to mount the root file system as "
"'read-only' so that file system consistency check programs (fsck)  can do "
"their work on a quiescent file system.  No processes can write to files on "
"the file system in question until it is 'remounted' as read/write capable, "
"for example, by 'mount -w -n -o remount /'.  (See also B<mount>(8).)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:220
msgid ""
"The 'rw' option tells the kernel to mount the root file system read/write.  "
"This is the default."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:223
msgid ""
"The choice between read-only and read/write can also be set using "
"B<rdev>(8)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:223
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'reserve=...'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:227
msgid ""
"This is used to protect I/O port regions from probes.  The form of the "
"command is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:229
msgid "B<reserve=>I<iobase,extent[,iobase,extent]...>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:236
msgid ""
"In some machines it may be necessary to prevent device drivers from checking "
"for devices (auto-probing) in a specific region.  This may be because of "
"hardware that reacts badly to the probing, or hardware that would be "
"mistakenly identified, or merely hardware you don't want the kernel to "
"initialize."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:241
msgid ""
"The reserve boot-time argument specifies an I/O port region that shouldn't "
"be probed.  A device driver will not probe a reserved region, unless another "
"boot argument explicitly specifies that it do so."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:243
msgid "For example, the boot line"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:245
msgid "reserve=0x300,32 blah=0x300"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:248
msgid ""
"keeps all device drivers except the driver for 'blah' from probing "
"0x300-0x31f."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:248
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'mem=...'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:261
msgid ""
"The BIOS call defined in the PC specification that returns the amount of "
"installed memory was only designed to be able to report up to 64MB.  Linux "
"uses this BIOS call at boot to determine how much memory is installed.  If "
"you have more than 64MB of RAM installed, you can use this boot arg to tell "
"Linux how much memory you have.  The value is in decimal or hexadecimal "
"(prefix 0x), and the suffixes 'k' (times 1024) or 'M' (times 1048576) can be "
"used.  Here is a quote from Linus on usage of the 'mem=' parameter."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:268
msgid ""
"The kernel will accept any 'mem=xx' parameter you give it, and if it turns "
"out that you lied to it, it will crash horribly sooner or later.  The "
"parameter indicates the highest addressable RAM address, so "
"\\&'mem=0x1000000' means you have 16MB of memory, for example.  For a 96MB "
"machine this would be 'mem=0x6000000'."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:280
msgid ""
"B<NOTE>: some machines might use the top of memory for BIOS caching or "
"whatever, so you might not actually have up to the full 96MB addressable.  "
"The reverse is also true: some chipsets will map the physical memory that is "
"covered by the BIOS area into the area just past the top of memory, so the "
"top-of-mem might actually be 96MB + 384kB for example.  If you tell linux "
"that it has more memory than it actually does have, bad things will happen: "
"maybe not at once, but surely eventually."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:285
msgid ""
"You can also use the boot argument 'mem=nopentium' to turn off 4 MB page "
"tables on kernels configured for IA32 systems with a pentium or newer CPU."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:285
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'panic=N'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:290
msgid ""
"By default the kernel will not reboot after a panic, but this option will "
"cause a kernel reboot after N seconds (if N is greater than zero).  This "
"panic timeout can also be set by \"echo N E<gt> /proc/sys/kernel/panic\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:290
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'reboot=[warm|cold][,[bios|hard]]'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:305
msgid ""
"(Only when B<CONFIG_BUGi386> is defined.)  Since 2.0.22 a reboot is by "
"default a cold reboot.  One asks for the old default with 'reboot=warm'.  (A "
"cold reboot may be required to reset certain hardware, but might destroy not "
"yet written data in a disk cache.  A warm reboot may be faster.)  By default "
"a reboot is hard, by asking the keyboard controller to pulse the reset line "
"low, but there is at least one type of motherboard where that doesn't work.  "
"The option 'reboot=bios' will instead jump through the BIOS."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:305
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'nosmp'> and B<'maxcpus=N'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:311
msgid ""
"(Only when __SMP__ is defined.)  A command-line option of 'nosmp' or "
"'maxcpus=0' will disable SMP activation entirely; an option 'maxcpus=N' "
"limits the maximum number of CPUs activated in SMP mode to N."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:311
#, no-wrap
msgid "Boot Arguments for Use by Kernel Developers"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:312
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'debug'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:328
msgid ""
"Kernel messages are handed off to the kernel log daemon klogd so that they "
"may be logged to disk.  Messages with a priority above I<console_loglevel> "
"are also printed on the console.  (For these levels, see "
"I<E<lt>linux/kernel.hE<gt>>.)  By default this variable is set to log "
"anything more important than debug messages.  This boot argument will cause "
"the kernel to also print the messages of DEBUG priority.  The console "
"loglevel can also be set at run time via an option to klogd.  See "
"B<klogd>(8)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:328
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'profile=N'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:346
msgid ""
"It is possible to enable a kernel profiling function, if one wishes to find "
"out where the kernel is spending its CPU cycles.  Profiling is enabled by "
"setting the variable I<prof_shift> to a nonzero value.  This is done either "
"by specifying B<CONFIG_PROFILE> at compile time, or by giving the 'profile=' "
"option.  Now the value that I<prof_shift> gets will be N, when given, or "
"B<CONFIG_PROFILE_SHIFT>, when that is given, or 2, the default.  The "
"significance of this variable is that it gives the granularity of the "
"profiling: each clock tick, if the system was executing kernel code, a "
"counter is incremented:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:348
msgid "profile[address E<gt>E<gt> prof_shift]++;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:355
msgid ""
"The raw profiling information can be read from I</proc/profile>.  Probably "
"you'll want to use a tool such as readprofile.c to digest it.  Writing to "
"I</proc/profile> will clear the counters."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:355
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'swap=N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,N6,N7,N8'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:361
msgid ""
"Set the eight parameters max_page_age, page_advance, page_decline, "
"page_initial_age, age_cluster_fract, age_cluster_min, pageout_weight, "
"bufferout_weight that control the kernel swap algorithm.  For kernel tuners "
"only."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:361
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'buff=N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,N6'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:367
msgid ""
"Set the six parameters max_buff_age, buff_advance, buff_decline, "
"buff_initial_age, bufferout_weight, buffermem_grace that control kernel "
"buffer memory management.  For kernel tuners only."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:367
#, no-wrap
msgid "Boot Arguments for Ramdisk Use"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:378
msgid ""
"(Only if the kernel was compiled with B<CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM>.)  In general it "
"is a bad idea to use a ramdisk under Linux\\(emthe system will use available "
"memory more efficiently itself.  But while booting (or while constructing "
"boot floppies)  it is often useful to load the floppy contents into a "
"ramdisk.  One might also have a system in which first some modules (for file "
"system or hardware) must be loaded before the main disk can be accessed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:390
msgid ""
"In Linux 1.3.48, ramdisk handling was changed drastically.  Earlier, the "
"memory was allocated statically, and there was a 'ramdisk=N' parameter to "
"tell its size.  (This could also be set in the kernel image at compile time, "
"or by use of B<rdev>(8).)  These days ram disks use the buffer cache, and "
"grow dynamically.  For a lot of information (e.g., how to use B<rdev>(8)  in "
"conjunction with the new ramdisk setup), see "
"I</usr/src/linux/Documentation/ramdisk.txt>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:392
msgid "There are four parameters, two boolean and two integral."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:392
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'load_ramdisk=N'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:397
msgid ""
"If N=1, do load a ramdisk.  If N=0, do not load a ramdisk.  (This is the "
"default.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:397
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'prompt_ramdisk=N'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:403
msgid ""
"If N=1, do prompt for insertion of the floppy.  (This is the default.)  If "
"N=0, do not prompt.  (Thus, this parameter is never needed.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:403
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'ramdisk_size=N'> or (obsolete) B<'ramdisk=N'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:407
msgid "Set the maximal size of the ramdisk(s) to N kB.  The default is 4096 (4 MB)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:407
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'ramdisk_start=N'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:412
msgid ""
"Sets the starting block number (the offset on the floppy where the ramdisk "
"starts) to N.  This is needed in case the ramdisk follows a kernel image."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:412
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'noinitrd'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:425
msgid ""
"(Only if the kernel was compiled with B<CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM> and "
"B<CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD>.)  These days it is possible to compile the kernel "
"to use initrd.  When this feature is enabled, the boot process will load the "
"kernel and an initial ramdisk; then the kernel converts initrd into a "
"\"normal\" ramdisk, which is mounted read-write as root device; then "
"/linuxrc is executed; afterward the \"real\" root file system is mounted, "
"and the initrd file system is moved over to /initrd; finally the usual boot "
"sequence (e.g., invocation of /sbin/init) is performed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:428
msgid ""
"For a detailed description of the initrd feature, see "
"I</usr/src/linux/Documentation/initrd.txt>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:436
msgid ""
"The 'noinitrd' option tells the kernel that although it was compiled for "
"operation with initrd, it should not go through the above steps, but leave "
"the initrd data under I</dev/initrd>.  (This device can be used only once: "
"the data is freed as soon as the last process that used it has closed "
"I</dev/initrd>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:436
#, no-wrap
msgid "Boot Arguments for SCSI Devices"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:438
msgid "General notation for this section:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:443
msgid ""
"I<iobase> -- the first I/O port that the SCSI host occupies.  These are "
"specified in hexadecimal notation, and usually lie in the range from 0x200 "
"to 0x3ff."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:451
msgid ""
"I<irq> -- the hardware interrupt that the card is configured to use.  Valid "
"values will be dependent on the card in question, but will usually be 5, 7, "
"9, 10, 11, 12, and 15.  The other values are usually used for common "
"peripherals like IDE hard disks, floppies, serial ports, etc."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:459
msgid ""
"I<scsi-id> -- the ID that the host adapter uses to identify itself on the "
"SCSI bus.  Only some host adapters allow you to change this value, as most "
"have it permanently specified internally.  The usual default value is 7, but "
"the Seagate and Future Domain TMC-950 boards use 6."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:467
msgid ""
"I<parity> -- whether the SCSI host adapter expects the attached devices to "
"supply a parity value with all information exchanges.  Specifying a one "
"indicates parity checking is enabled, and a zero disables parity checking.  "
"Again, not all adapters will support selection of parity behavior as a boot "
"argument."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:467
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'max_scsi_luns=...'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:478
msgid ""
"A SCSI device can have a number of 'subdevices' contained within itself.  "
"The most common example is one of the new SCSI CD-ROMs that handle more than "
"one disk at a time.  Each CD is addressed as a \\&'Logical Unit Number' "
"(LUN) of that particular device.  But most devices, such as hard disks, tape "
"drives and such are only one device, and will be assigned to LUN zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:484
msgid ""
"Some poorly designed SCSI devices cannot handle being probed for LUNs not "
"equal to zero.  Therefore, if the compile-time flag B<CONFIG_SCSI_MULTI_LUN> "
"is not set, newer kernels will by default only probe LUN zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:490
msgid ""
"To specify the number of probed LUNs at boot, one enters "
"\\&'max_scsi_luns=n' as a boot arg, where n is a number between one and "
"eight.  To avoid problems as described above, one would use n=1 to avoid "
"upsetting such broken devices."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:490
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SCSI tape configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:494
msgid ""
"Some boot time configuration of the SCSI tape driver can be achieved by "
"using the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:496
msgid "B<st=>I<buf_size[,write_threshold[,max_bufs]]>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:509
msgid ""
"The first two numbers are specified in units of kB.  The default I<buf_size> "
"is 32kB, and the maximum size that can be specified is a ridiculous "
"16384kB.  The I<write_threshold> is the value at which the buffer is "
"committed to tape, with a default value of 30kB.  The maximum number of "
"buffers varies with the number of drives detected, and has a default of "
"two.  An example usage would be:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:511
msgid "st=32,30,2"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:517
msgid ""
"Full details can be found in the file I<Documentation/scsi/st.txt> (or "
"I<drivers/scsi/README.st> for older kernels) in the kernel source."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:517
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Adaptec aha151x, aha152x, aic6260, aic6360, SB16-SCSI configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:521
msgid ""
"The aha numbers refer to cards and the aic numbers refer to the actual SCSI "
"chip on these type of cards, including the Soundblaster-16 SCSI."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:526
msgid ""
"The probe code for these SCSI hosts looks for an installed BIOS, and if none "
"is present, the probe will not find your card.  Then you will have to use a "
"boot arg of the form:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:528
msgid "B<aha152x=>I<iobase[,irq[,scsi-id[,reconnect[,parity]]]]>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:531
msgid ""
"If the driver was compiled with debugging enabled, a sixth value can be "
"specified to set the debug level."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:537
msgid ""
"All the parameters are as described at the top of this section, and the "
"I<reconnect> value will allow device disconnect/reconnect if a nonzero value "
"is used.  An example usage is as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:539
msgid "aha152x=0x340,11,7,1"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:543
msgid ""
"Note that the parameters must be specified in order, meaning that if you "
"want to specify a parity setting, then you will have to specify an iobase, "
"irq, scsi-id and reconnect value as well."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:543
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Adaptec aha154x configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:551
msgid ""
"The aha1542 series cards have an i82077 floppy controller onboard, while the "
"aha1540 series cards do not.  These are busmastering cards, and have "
"parameters to set the \"fairness\" that is used to share the bus with other "
"devices.  The boot arg looks like the following."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:553
msgid "B<aha1542=>I<iobase[,buson,busoff[,dmaspeed]]>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:557
msgid ""
"Valid iobase values are usually one of: 0x130, 0x134, 0x230, 0x234, 0x330, "
"0x334.  Clone cards may permit other values."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:565
msgid ""
"The I<buson>, I<busoff> values refer to the number of microseconds that the "
"card dominates the ISA bus.  The defaults are 11us on, and 4us off, so that "
"other cards (such as an ISA LANCE Ethernet card) have a chance to get access "
"to the ISA bus."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:576
msgid ""
"The I<dmaspeed> value refers to the rate (in MB/s) at which the DMA (Direct "
"Memory Access) transfers proceed.  The default is 5MB/s.  Newer revision "
"cards allow you to select this value as part of the soft-configuration, "
"older cards use jumpers.  You can use values up to 10MB/s assuming that your "
"motherboard is capable of handling it.  Experiment with caution if using "
"values over 5MB/s."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:576
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Adaptec aha274x, aha284x, aic7xxx configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:579
msgid "These boards can accept an argument of the form:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:581
msgid "B<aic7xxx=>I<extended,no_reset>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:590
msgid ""
"The I<extended> value, if nonzero, indicates that extended translation for "
"large disks is enabled.  The I<no_reset> value, if nonzero, tells the driver "
"not to reset the SCSI bus when setting up the host adapter at boot."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:590
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AdvanSys SCSI Hosts configuration ('advansys=')>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:603
msgid ""
"The AdvanSys driver can accept up to four i/o addresses that will be probed "
"for an AdvanSys SCSI card.  Note that these values (if used) do not effect "
"EISA or PCI probing in any way.  They are only used for probing ISA and VLB "
"cards.  In addition, if the driver has been compiled with debugging enabled, "
"the level of debugging output can be set by adding an 0xdeb[0-f] parameter.  "
"The 0-f allows setting the level of the debugging messages to any of 16 "
"levels of verbosity."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:603
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AM53C974>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:607
msgid "B<AM53C974=>I<host-scsi-id,target-scsi-id,max-rate,max-offset>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:607
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BusLogic SCSI Hosts configuration ('BusLogic=')>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:611
msgid "B<BusLogic=>I<N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,S1,S2,...>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:618
msgid ""
"For an extensive discussion of the BusLogic command line parameters, see "
"I</usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c> (lines 3149-3270 in the kernel "
"version I am looking at).  The text below is a very much abbreviated "
"extract."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:630
msgid ""
"The parameters N1-N5 are integers.  The parameters S1,... are strings.  N1 "
"is the I/O Address at which the Host Adapter is located.  N2 is the Tagged "
"Queue Depth to use for Target Devices that support Tagged Queuing.  N3 is "
"the Bus Settle Time in seconds.  This is the amount of time to wait between "
"a Host Adapter Hard Reset which initiates a SCSI Bus Reset and issuing any "
"SCSI Commands.  N4 is the Local Options (for one Host Adapter).  N5 is the "
"Global Options (for all Host Adapters)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:636
msgid ""
"The string options are used to provide control over Tagged Queuing "
"(TQ:Default, TQ:Enable, TQ:Disable, TQ:E<lt>Per-Target-SpecE<gt>), over "
"Error Recovery (ER:Default, ER:HardReset, ER:BusDeviceReset, ER:None, "
"ER:E<lt>Per-Target-SpecE<gt>), and over Host Adapter Probing (NoProbe, "
"NoProbeISA, NoSortPCI)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:636
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EATA/DMA configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:639 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:746
msgid "The default list of i/o ports to be probed can be changed by"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:641 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:748
msgid "B<eata=>I<iobase,iobase,...>B<.>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:641
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Future Domain TMC-16x0 configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:645
msgid "B<fdomain=>I<iobase,irq[,adapter_id]>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:645
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Great Valley Products (GVP) SCSI controller configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:649
msgid "B<gvp11=>I<dma_transfer_bitmask>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:649
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Future Domain TMC-8xx, TMC-950 configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:653
msgid "B<tmc8xx=>I<mem_base,irq>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:660 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:733
msgid ""
"The I<mem_base> value is the value of the memory mapped I/O region that the "
"card uses.  This will usually be one of the following values: 0xc8000, "
"0xca000, 0xcc000, 0xce000, 0xdc000, 0xde000."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:660
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<IN2000 configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:664
msgid "B<in2000=>I<S>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:671
msgid ""
"where S is a comma-separated string of items keyword[:value].  Recognized "
"keywords (possibly with value) are: ioport:addr, noreset, nosync:x, "
"period:ns, disconnect:x, debug:x, proc:x.  For the function of these "
"parameters, see I</usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/in2000.c>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:671
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<NCR5380 and NCR53C400 configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:674
msgid "The boot arg is of the form"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:676
msgid "B<ncr5380=>I<iobase,irq,dma>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:678
msgid "or"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:680
msgid "B<ncr53c400=>I<iobase,irq>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:689
msgid ""
"If the card doesn't use interrupts, then an IRQ value of 255 (0xff) will "
"disable interrupts.  An IRQ value of 254 means to autoprobe.  More details "
"can be found in the file I<Documentation/scsi/g_NCR5380.txt> (or "
"I<drivers/scsi/README.g_NCR5380> for older kernels) in the kernel source."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:689
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<NCR53C8xx configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:693
msgid "B<ncr53c8xx=>I<S>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:701
msgid ""
"where S is a comma-separated string of items keyword:value.  Recognized "
"keywords are: mpar (master_parity), spar (scsi_parity), disc "
"(disconnection), specf (special_features), ultra (ultra_scsi), fsn "
"(force_sync_nego), tags (default_tags), sync (default_sync), verb (verbose), "
"debug (debug), burst (burst_max).  For the function of the assigned values, "
"see I</usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:701
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<NCR53c406a configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:705
msgid "B<ncr53c406a=>I<iobase[,irq[,fastpio]]>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:708
msgid ""
"Specify irq = 0 for noninterrupt driven mode.  Set fastpio = 1 for fast pio "
"mode, 0 for slow mode."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:708
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Pro Audio Spectrum configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:713
msgid ""
"The PAS16 uses a NC5380 SCSI chip, and newer models support jumperless "
"configuration.  The boot arg is of the form:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:715
msgid "B<pas16=>I<iobase,irq>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:720
msgid ""
"The only difference is that you can specify an IRQ value of 255, which will "
"tell the driver to work without using interrupts, albeit at a performance "
"loss.  The iobase is usually 0x388."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:720
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Seagate ST-0x configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:724
msgid ""
"If your card is not detected at boot time, you will then have to use a boot "
"arg of the form:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:726
msgid "B<st0x=>I<mem_base,irq>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:733
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Trantor T128 configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:737
msgid ""
"These cards are also based on the NCR5380 chip, and accept the following "
"options:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:739
msgid "B<t128=>I<mem_base,irq>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:743
msgid ""
"The valid values for I<mem_base> are as follows: 0xcc000, 0xc8000, 0xdc000, "
"0xd8000."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:743
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<UltraStor 14F/34F configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:748
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<WD7000 configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:752
msgid "B<wd7000=>I<irq,dma,iobase>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:752
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Commodore Amiga A2091/590 SCSI controller configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:756
msgid "B<wd33c93=>I<S>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:763
msgid ""
"where S is a comma-separated string of options.  Recognized options are "
"nosync:bitmask, nodma:x, period:ns, disconnect:x, debug:x, clock:x, next.  "
"For details, see I</usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c>."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:763
#, no-wrap
msgid "Hard Disks"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:764
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<IDE Disk/CD-ROM Driver Parameters>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:769
msgid ""
"The IDE driver accepts a number of parameters, which range from disk "
"geometry specifications, to support for broken controller chips.  "
"Drive-specific options are specified by using 'hdX=' with X in 'a'-'h'."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:773
msgid ""
"Non-drive-specific options are specified with the prefix 'hd='.  Note that "
"using a drive-specific prefix for a non-drive-specific option will still "
"work, and the option will just be applied as expected."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:783
msgid ""
"Also note that 'hd=' can be used to refer to the next unspecified drive in "
"the (a, ..., h) sequence.  For the following discussions, the 'hd=' option "
"will be cited for brevity.  See the file I<Documentation/ide.txt> (or "
"I<drivers/block/README.ide> for older kernels) in the kernel source for more "
"details."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:783
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The 'hd=cyls,heads,sects[,wpcom[,irq]]' options>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:794
msgid ""
"These options are used to specify the physical geometry of the disk.  Only "
"the first three values are required.  The cylinder/head/sectors values will "
"be those used by fdisk.  The write precompensation value is ignored for IDE "
"disks.  The IRQ value specified will be the IRQ used for the interface that "
"the drive resides on, and is not really a drive-specific parameter."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:794
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The 'hd=serialize' option>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:802
msgid ""
"The dual IDE interface CMD-640 chip is broken as designed such that when "
"drives on the secondary interface are used at the same time as drives on the "
"primary interface, it will corrupt your data.  Using this option tells the "
"driver to make sure that both interfaces are never used at the same time."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:802
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The 'hd=dtc2278' option>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:807
msgid ""
"This option tells the driver that you have a DTC-2278D IDE interface.  The "
"driver then tries to do DTC-specific operations to enable the second "
"interface and to enable faster transfer modes."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:807
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The 'hd=noprobe' option>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:811
msgid "Do not probe for this drive.  For example,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:813
msgid "hdb=noprobe hdb=1166,7,17"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:817
msgid ""
"would disable the probe, but still specify the drive geometry so that it "
"would be registered as a valid block device, and hence usable."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:817
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The 'hd=nowerr' option>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:823
msgid ""
"Some drives apparently have the B<WRERR_STAT> bit stuck on permanently.  "
"This enables a work-around for these broken devices."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:823
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The 'hd=cdrom' option>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:829
msgid ""
"This tells the IDE driver that there is an ATAPI compatible CD-ROM attached "
"in place of a normal IDE hard disk.  In most cases the CD-ROM is identified "
"automatically, but if it isn't then this may help."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:829
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Standard ST-506 Disk Driver Options ('hd=')>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:838
msgid ""
"The standard disk driver can accept geometry arguments for the disks similar "
"to the IDE driver.  Note however that it only expects three values (C/H/S); "
"any more or any less and it will silently ignore you.  Also, it only accepts "
"'hd=' as an argument, that is, 'hda=' and so on are not valid here.  The "
"format is as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:840
msgid "hd=cyls,heads,sects"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:843
msgid ""
"If there are two disks installed, the above is repeated with the geometry "
"parameters of the second disk."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:843
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<XT Disk Driver Options ('xd=')>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:848
msgid ""
"If you are unfortunate enough to be using one of these old 8 bit cards that "
"move data at a whopping 125kB/s then here is the scoop.  If the card is not "
"recognized, you will have to use a boot arg of the form:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:850
msgid "xd=type,irq,iobase,dma_chan"
msgstr ""

#.  1.1.50, 1.3.81, 1.3.99, 2.0.34, 2.1.67, 2.1.78, 2.1.127
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:866
msgid ""
"The type value specifies the particular manufacturer of the card, overriding "
"autodetection.  For the types to use, consult the I<drivers/block/xd.c> "
"source file of the kernel you are using.  The type is an index in the list "
"I<xd_sigs> and in the course of time types have been added to or deleted "
"from the middle of the list, changing all type numbers.  Today (Linux 2.5.0) "
"the types are 0=generic; 1=DTC 5150cx; 2,3=DTC 5150x; 4,5=Western Digital; "
"6,7,8=Seagate; 9=Omti; 10=XEBEC, and where here several types are given with "
"the same designation, they are equivalent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:873
msgid ""
"The xd_setup() function does no checking on the values, and assumes that you "
"entered all four values.  Don't disappoint it.  Here is an example usage for "
"a WD1002 controller with the BIOS disabled/removed, using the 'default' XT "
"controller parameters:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:875
msgid "xd=2,5,0x320,3"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:875
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Syquest's EZ* removable disks>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:879
msgid "B<ez=>I<iobase[,irq[,rep[,nybble]]]>"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:879
#, no-wrap
msgid "IBM MCA Bus Devices"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:882
msgid "See also I</usr/src/linux/Documentation/mca.txt>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:882
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PS/2 ESDI hard disks>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:885
msgid "It is possible to specify the desired geometry at boot time:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:887
msgid "B<ed=>I<cyls,heads,sectors.>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:889
msgid "For a ThinkPad-720, add the option"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:891
msgid "B<tp720=1>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:891
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<IBM Microchannel SCSI Subsystem configuration>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:895
msgid "B<ibmmcascsi=>I<N>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:897
msgid "where N is the I<pun> (SCSI ID) of the subsystem."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:897
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The Aztech Interface>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:900 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:985 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:990 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1001 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1006
msgid "The syntax for this type of card is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:902
msgid "aztcd=iobase[,magic_number]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:907
msgid ""
"If you set the magic_number to 0x79 then the driver will try and run anyway "
"in the event of an unknown firmware version.  All other values are ignored."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:907
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Parallel port CD-ROM drives>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:910 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:955 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1152 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1160 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1170 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1180 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1213 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1230 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1242 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1266
msgid "Syntax:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:912
msgid "pcd.driveN=prt,pro,uni,mod,slv,dly"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:914
msgid "pcd.nice=nice"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:921
msgid ""
"where 'port' is the base address, 'pro' is the protocol number, 'uni' is the "
"unit selector (for chained devices), 'mod' is the mode (or -1 to choose the "
"best automatically), 'slv' is 1 if it should be a slave, and 'dly' is a "
"small integer for slowing down port accesses.  The 'nice' parameter controls "
"the driver's use of idle CPU time, at the expense of some speed."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:921
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The CDU-31A and CDU-33A Sony Interface>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:926
msgid ""
"This CD-ROM interface is found on some of the Pro Audio Spectrum sound "
"cards, and other Sony supplied interface cards.  The syntax is as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:928
msgid "cdu31a=iobase,[irq[,is_pas_card]]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:934
msgid ""
"Specifying an IRQ value of zero tells the driver that hardware interrupts "
"aren't supported (as on some PAS cards).  If your card supports interrupts, "
"you should use them as it cuts down on the CPU usage of the driver."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:939
msgid ""
"The I<is_pas_card> should be entered as 'PAS' if using a Pro Audio Spectrum "
"card, and otherwise it should not be specified at all."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:939
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The CDU-535 Sony Interface>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:942 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:950 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:966
msgid "The syntax for this CD-ROM interface is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:944
msgid "sonycd535=iobase[,irq]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:947
msgid ""
"A zero can be used for the I/O base as a 'placeholder' if one wishes to "
"specify an IRQ value."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:947
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The GoldStar Interface>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:952
msgid "gscd=iobase"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:952
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The ISP16 CD-ROM Interface>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:957
msgid "isp16=[iobase[,irq[,dma[,type]]]]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:963
msgid ""
"(three integers and a string).  If the type is given as 'noisp16', the "
"interface will not be configured.  Other recognized types are: 'Sanyo\", "
"'Sony', 'Panasonic' and 'Mitsumi'."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:963
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The Mitsumi Standard Interface>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:968
msgid "mcd=iobase,[irq[,wait_value]]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:976
msgid ""
"The I<wait_value> is used as an internal timeout value for people who are "
"having problems with their drive, and may or may not be implemented "
"depending on a compile-time #define.  The Mitsumi FX400 is an IDE/ATAPI "
"CD-ROM player and does not use the mcd driver."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:976
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The Mitsumi XA/MultiSession Interface>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:980
msgid ""
"This is for the same hardware as above, but the driver has extended "
"features.  Syntax:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:982
msgid "mcdx=iobase[,irq]"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:982
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The Optics Storage Interface>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:987
msgid "optcd=iobase"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:987
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The Phillips CM206 Interface>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:992
msgid "cm206=[iobase][,irq]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:998
msgid ""
"The driver assumes numbers between 3 and 11 are IRQ values, and numbers "
"between 0x300 and 0x370 are I/O ports, so you can specify one, or both "
"numbers, in any order.  It also accepts 'cm206=auto' to enable autoprobing."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:998
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The Sanyo Interface>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1003
msgid "sjcd=iobase[,irq[,dma_channel]]"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1003
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The SoundBlaster Pro Interface>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1008
msgid "sbpcd=iobase,type"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1013
msgid ""
"where type is one of the following (case sensitive) strings: "
"\\&'SoundBlaster', 'LaserMate', or 'SPEA'.  The I/O base is that of the "
"CD-ROM interface, and not that of the sound portion of the card."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1013
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ethernet Devices"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1017
msgid ""
"Different drivers make use of different parameters, but they all at least "
"share having an IRQ, an I/O port base value, and a name.  In its most "
"generic form, it looks something like this:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1019
msgid "ether=irq,iobase[,param_1[,...param_8]],name"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1026
msgid ""
"The first nonnumeric argument is taken as the name.  The param_n values (if "
"applicable) usually have different meanings for each different card/driver.  "
"Typical param_n values are used to specify things like shared memory "
"address, interface selection, DMA channel and the like."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1030
msgid ""
"The most common use of this parameter is to force probing for a second "
"ethercard, as the default is to only probe for one.  This can be "
"accomplished with a simple:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1032
msgid "ether=0,0,eth1"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1035
msgid ""
"Note that the values of zero for the IRQ and I/O base in the above example "
"tell the driver(s) to autoprobe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1041
msgid ""
"The Ethernet-HowTo has extensive documentation on using multiple cards and "
"on the card/driver-specific implementation of the param_n values where "
"used.  Interested readers should refer to the section in that document on "
"their particular card."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1041
#, no-wrap
msgid "The Floppy Disk Driver"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1049
msgid ""
"There are many floppy driver options, and they are all listed in "
"I<Documentation/floppy.txt> (or I<drivers/block/README.fd> for older "
"kernels) in the kernel source.  This information is taken directly from that "
"file."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1049
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<floppy=mask,allowed_drive_mask>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1059
msgid ""
"Sets the bit mask of allowed drives to mask.  By default, only units 0 and 1 "
"of each floppy controller are allowed.  This is done because certain "
"nonstandard hardware (ASUS PCI motherboards) mess up the keyboard when "
"accessing units 2 or 3.  This option is somewhat obsoleted by the cmos "
"option."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1059
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<floppy=all_drives>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1064
msgid ""
"Sets the bit mask of allowed drives to all drives.  Use this if you have "
"more than two drives connected to a floppy controller."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1064
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<floppy=asus_pci>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1068
msgid "Sets the bit mask to allow only units 0 and 1.  (The default)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1068
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<floppy=daring>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1075
msgid ""
"Tells the floppy driver that you have a well behaved floppy controller.  "
"This allows more efficient and smoother operation, but may fail on certain "
"controllers.  This may speed up certain operations."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1075
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<floppy=0,daring>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1079
msgid ""
"Tells the floppy driver that your floppy controller should be used with "
"caution."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1079
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<floppy=one_fdc>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1082
msgid "Tells the floppy driver that you have only floppy controller (default)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1082
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<floppy=two_fdc> or B<floppy=address,two_fdc>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1088
msgid ""
"Tells the floppy driver that you have two floppy controllers.  The second "
"floppy controller is assumed to be at address.  If address is not given, "
"0x370 is assumed."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1088
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<floppy=thinkpad>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1093
msgid ""
"Tells the floppy driver that you have a Thinkpad.  Thinkpads use an inverted "
"convention for the disk change line."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1093
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<floppy=0,thinkpad>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1096
msgid "Tells the floppy driver that you don't have a Thinkpad."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1096
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<floppy=drive,type,cmos>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1107
msgid ""
"Sets the cmos type of drive to type.  Additionally, this drive is allowed in "
"the bit mask.  This is useful if you have more than two floppy drives (only "
"two can be described in the physical cmos), or if your BIOS uses nonstandard "
"CMOS types.  Setting the CMOS to 0 for the first two drives (default) makes "
"the floppy driver read the physical cmos for those drives."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1107
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<floppy=unexpected_interrupts>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1111
msgid ""
"Print a warning message when an unexpected interrupt is received (default "
"behavior)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1111
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<floppy=no_unexpected_interrupts> or B<floppy=L40SX>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1119
msgid ""
"Don't print a message when an unexpected interrupt is received.  This is "
"needed on IBM L40SX laptops in certain video modes.  (There seems to be an "
"interaction between video and floppy.  The unexpected interrupts only affect "
"performance, and can safely be ignored.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1119
#, no-wrap
msgid "The Sound Driver"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1129
msgid ""
"The sound driver can also accept boot args to override the compiled in "
"values.  This is not recommended, as it is rather complex.  It is described "
"in the kernel source file I<Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS> "
"(I<drivers/sound/Readme.linux> in older kernel versions).  It accepts a boot "
"arg of the form:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1131
msgid "sound=device1[,device2[,device3...[,device10]]]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1134
msgid ""
"where each deviceN value is of the following format 0xTaaaId and the bytes "
"are used as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1137
msgid "T - device type: 1=FM, 2=SB, 3=PAS, 4=GUS, 5=MPU401, 6=SB16, 7=SB16-MPU401"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1139
msgid "aaa - I/O address in hex."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1141
msgid "I - interrupt line in hex (i.e 10=a, 11=b, ...)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1143
msgid "d - DMA channel."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1148
msgid ""
"As you can see it gets pretty messy, and you are better off to compile in "
"your own personal values as recommended.  Using a boot arg of \\&'sound=0' "
"will disable the sound driver entirely."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1148
#, no-wrap
msgid "ISDN Drivers"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1149
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The ICN ISDN driver>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1154
msgid "icn=iobase,membase,icn_id1,icn_id2"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1157
msgid ""
"where icn_id1,icn_id2 are two strings used to identify the card in kernel "
"messages."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1157
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The PCBIT ISDN driver>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1162
msgid "pcbit=membase1,irq1[,membase2,irq2]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1167
msgid ""
"where membaseN is the shared memory base of the N'th card, and irqN is the "
"interrupt setting of the N'th card.  The default is IRQ 5 and membase "
"0xD0000."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1167
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The Teles ISDN driver>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1172
msgid "teles=iobase,irq,membase,protocol,teles_id"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1176
msgid ""
"where iobase is the i/o port address of the card, membase is the shared "
"memory base address of the card, irq is the interrupt channel the card uses, "
"and teles_id is the unique ASCII string identifier."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1176
#, no-wrap
msgid "Serial Port Drivers"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1177
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The RISCom/8 Multiport Serial Driver ('riscom8=')>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1182
msgid "riscom=iobase1[,iobase2[,iobase3[,iobase4]]]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1185
msgid "More details can be found in I</usr/src/linux/Documentation/riscom8.txt>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1185
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The DigiBoard Driver ('digi=')>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1189
msgid "If this option is used, it should have precisely six parameters.  Syntax:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1191
msgid "digi=status,type,altpin,numports,iobase,membase"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1203
msgid ""
"The parameters maybe given as integers, or as strings.  If strings are used, "
"then iobase and membase should be given in hexadecimal.  The integer "
"arguments (fewer may be given) are in order: status (Enable(1) or Disable(0) "
"this card), type (PC/Xi(0), PC/Xe(1), PC/Xeve(2), PC/Xem(3)), altpin "
"(Enable(1) or Disable(0) alternate pin arrangement), numports (number of "
"ports on this card), iobase (I/O Port where card is configured (in HEX)), "
"membase (base of memory window (in HEX)).  Thus, the following two boot "
"prompt arguments are equivalent:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1205
msgid "digi=E,PC/Xi,D,16,200,D0000"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1207
msgid "digi=1,0,0,16,0x200,851968"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1210
msgid "More details can be found in I</usr/src/linux/Documentation/digiboard.txt>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1210
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<The Baycom Serial/Parallel Radio Modem>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1215
msgid "baycom=iobase,irq,modem"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1227
msgid ""
"There are precisely 3 parameters; for several cards, give several 'baycom=' "
"commands.  The modem parameter is a string that can take one of the values "
"ser12, ser12*, par96, par96*.  Here the * denotes that software DCD is to be "
"used, and ser12/par96 chooses between the supported modem types.  For more "
"details, see the file I<Documentation/networking/baycom.txt> (or "
"I<drivers/net/README.baycom> for older kernels) in the kernel source."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1227
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Soundcard radio modem driver>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1232
msgid "soundmodem=iobase,irq,dma[,dma2[,serio[,pario]]],0,mode"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1238
msgid ""
"All parameters except the last are integers; the dummy 0 is required because "
"of a bug in the setup code.  The mode parameter is a string with syntax "
"hw:modem, where hw is one of sbc, wss, wssfdx and modem is one of afsk1200, "
"fsk9600."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1238
#, no-wrap
msgid "The Line Printer Driver"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1239
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'lp='>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1244
msgid "lp=0"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1246
msgid "lp=auto"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1248
msgid "lp=reset"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1250
msgid "lp=port[,port...]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1256
msgid ""
"You can tell the printer driver what ports to use and what ports not to "
"use.  The latter comes in handy if you don't want the printer driver to "
"claim all available parallel ports, so that other drivers (e.g., PLIP, PPA) "
"can use them instead."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1263
msgid ""
"The format of the argument is multiple port names.  For example, "
"lp=none,parport0 would use the first parallel port for lp1, and disable "
"lp0.  To disable the printer driver entirely, one can use lp=0."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1263
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<WDT500/501 driver>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1268
msgid "wdt=io,irq"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1268
#, no-wrap
msgid "Mouse Drivers"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1269
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'bmouse=irq'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1273
msgid ""
"The busmouse driver only accepts one parameter, that being the hardware IRQ "
"value to be used."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1273
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'msmouse=irq'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1276
msgid "And precisely the same is true for the msmouse driver."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1276
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ATARI mouse setup>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1280
msgid "atamouse=threshold[,y-threshold]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1286
msgid ""
"If only one argument is given, it is used for both x-threshold and "
"y-threshold.  Otherwise, the first argument is the x-threshold, and the "
"second the y-threshold.  These values must lie between 1 and 20 (inclusive); "
"the default is 2."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1286
#, no-wrap
msgid "Video Hardware"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1287
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<'no-scroll'>"
msgstr ""

#.  .SH AUTHORS
#.  Linus Torvalds (and many others)
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1296
msgid ""
"This option tells the console driver not to use hardware scroll (where a "
"scroll is effected by moving the screen origin in video memory, instead of "
"moving the data).  It is required by certain Braille machines."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1302
msgid "B<lilo.conf>(5), B<klogd>(8), B<lilo>(8), B<mount>(8), B<rdev>(8)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1308
msgid ""
"Large parts of this man page have been derived from the Boot Parameter HOWTO "
"(version 1.0.1) written by Paul Gortmaker.  More information may be found in "
"this (or a more recent) HOWTO.  An up-to-date source of information is "
"I</usr/src/linux/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:25
#, no-wrap
msgid "REBOOT"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:25
#, no-wrap
msgid "2010-10-31"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:28
msgid "reboot - reboot or enable/disable Ctrl-Alt-Del"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:33
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/* For libc4 and libc5 the library call and the system call\n"
"   are identical, and since kernel version 2.1.30 there are\n"
"   symbolic names LINUX_REBOOT_* for the constants and a\n"
"   fourth argument to the call: */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:35 build/C/man2/reboot.2:45 build/C/man2/sync.2:41
msgid "B<#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:37
msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/reboot.hE<gt>>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:39
msgid ""
"B<int reboot(int >I<magic>B<, int >I<magic2>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void "
"*>I<arg>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:43
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/* Under glibc some of the constants involved have gotten\n"
"   symbolic names RB_*, and the library call is a 1-argument\n"
"   wrapper around the 3-argument system call: */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:47
msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/reboot.hE<gt>>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:49
msgid "B<int reboot(int >I<cmd>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:56
msgid ""
"The B<reboot>()  call reboots the system, or enables/disables the reboot "
"keystroke (abbreviated CAD, since the default is Ctrl-Alt-Delete; it can be "
"changed using B<loadkeys>(1))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:83
msgid ""
"This system call will fail (with B<EINVAL>)  unless I<magic> equals "
"B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1> (that is, 0xfee1dead) and I<magic2> equals "
"B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2> (that is, 672274793).  However, since 2.1.17 also "
"B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2A> (that is, 85072278)  and since 2.1.97 also "
"B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2B> (that is, 369367448)  and since 2.5.71 also "
"B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2C> (that is, 537993216)  are permitted as value for "
"I<magic2>.  (The hexadecimal values of these constants are meaningful.)  The "
"I<cmd> argument can have the following values:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:83
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_OFF>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:92
msgid ""
"(RB_DISABLE_CAD, 0).  CAD is disabled.  This means that the CAD keystroke "
"will cause a B<SIGINT> signal to be sent to init (process 1), whereupon this "
"process may decide upon a proper action (maybe: kill all processes, sync, "
"reboot)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:92
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_ON>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:99
msgid ""
"(RB_ENABLE_CAD, 0x89abcdef).  CAD is enabled.  This means that the CAD "
"keystroke will immediately cause the action associated with "
"B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:99
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:107
msgid ""
"(RB_HALT_SYSTEM, 0xcdef0123; since 1.1.76).  The message \"System halted.\" "
"is printed, and the system is halted.  Control is given to the ROM monitor, "
"if there is one.  If not preceded by a B<sync>(2), data will be lost."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:107
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_KEXEC> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:113
msgid ""
"Execute a kernel that has been loaded earlier with B<kexec_load>(2).  This "
"option is only available if the kernel was configured with B<CONFIG_KEXEC>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:113
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:121
msgid ""
"(0x4321fedc; since 2.1.30).  The message \"Power down.\" is printed, the "
"system is stopped, and all power is removed from the system, if possible.  "
"If not preceded by a B<sync>(2), data will be lost."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:121
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:129
msgid ""
"(RB_AUTOBOOT, 0x1234567).  The message \"Restarting system.\" is printed, "
"and a default restart is performed immediately.  If not preceded by a "
"B<sync>(2), data will be lost."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:129
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:139
msgid ""
"(0xa1b2c3d4; since 2.1.30).  The message \"Restarting system with command "
"\\(aq%s\\(aq\" is printed, and a restart (using the command string given in "
"I<arg>)  is performed immediately.  If not preceded by a B<sync>(2), data "
"will be lost."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:142
msgid "Only the superuser may call B<reboot>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:148
msgid ""
"The precise effect of the above actions depends on the architecture.  For "
"the i386 architecture, the additional argument does not do anything at "
"present (2.1.122), but the type of reboot can be determined by kernel "
"command-line arguments (\"reboot=...\") to be either warm or cold, and "
"either hard or through the BIOS."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:161
msgid ""
"For the values of I<cmd> that stop or restart the system, a successful call "
"to B<reboot>()  does not return.  For the other I<cmd> values, zero is "
"returned on success.  In all cases, -1 is returned on failure, and I<errno> "
"is set appropriately."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:166
msgid "Problem with getting userspace data under B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:169
msgid "Bad magic numbers or I<cmd>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:176
msgid ""
"The calling process has insufficient privilege to call B<reboot>(); the "
"B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> capability is required."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:180
msgid ""
"B<reboot>()  is Linux-specific, and should not be used in programs intended "
"to be portable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/reboot.2:187
msgid ""
"B<sync>(2), B<bootparam>(7), B<capabilities>(7), B<ctrlaltdel>(8), "
"B<halt>(8), B<reboot>(8)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:36 build/C/man8/sync.8:6
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNC"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:36
#, no-wrap
msgid "2012-02-12"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:39
msgid "sync, syncfs - commit buffer cache to disk"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:43
msgid "B<void sync(void);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:45
msgid "B<int syncfs(int >I<fd>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:49
msgid "Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:52
msgid "B<sync>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:56
msgid ""
"_BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ "
"_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:60
msgid "B<syncfs>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:63
msgid "_GNU_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:69
msgid ""
"B<sync>()  causes all buffered modifications to file metadata and data to be "
"written to the underlying file systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:76
msgid ""
"B<syncfs>()  is like B<sync>(), but synchronizes just the file system "
"containing file referred to by the open file descriptor I<fd>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:82
msgid ""
"B<syncfs>()  returns 0 on success; on error, it returns -1 and sets I<errno> "
"to indicate the error."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:85
msgid "B<sync>()  is always successful."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:88
msgid "B<syncfs>()  can fail for at least the following reason:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:88
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EBADF>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:92
msgid "I<fd> is not a valid file descriptor."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:92
#, no-wrap
msgid "VERSIONS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:95
msgid "B<syncfs>()  first appeared in Linux 2.6.39."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:98
msgid "B<sync>(): SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:101
msgid "B<syncfs>()  is Linux-specific."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:101 build/C/man8/sync.8:63
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:110
msgid ""
"Since glibc 2.2.2 the Linux prototype for B<sync>()  is as listed above, "
"following the various standards.  In libc4, libc5, and glibc up to 2.2.1 it "
"was \"int sync(void)\", and B<sync>()  always returned 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:110
#, no-wrap
msgid "BUGS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:118
msgid ""
"According to the standard specification (e.g., POSIX.1-2001), B<sync>()  "
"schedules the writes, but may return before the actual writing is done.  "
"However, since version 1.3.20 Linux does actually wait.  (This still does "
"not guarantee data integrity: modern disks have large caches.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sync.2:124
msgid "B<bdflush>(2), B<fdatasync>(2), B<fsync>(2), B<sync>(8), B<update>(8)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:6
#, no-wrap
msgid "1998-11-01"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:6
#, no-wrap
msgid "GNU"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:9
msgid "sync - synchronize data on disk with memory"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:11
msgid "B<sync [--help] [--version]>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:22
msgid ""
"B<sync> writes any data buffered in memory out to disk.  This can include "
"(but is not limited to) modified superblocks, modified inodes, and delayed "
"reads and writes.  This must be implemented by the kernel; The B<sync> "
"program does nothing but exercise the B<sync>(2)  system call."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:29
msgid ""
"The kernel keeps data in memory to avoid doing (relatively slow) disk reads "
"and writes.  This improves performance, but if the computer crashes, data "
"may be lost or the file system corrupted as a result.  B<sync> ensures that "
"everything in memory is written to disk."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:48
msgid ""
"B<sync> should be called before the processor is halted in an unusual manner "
"(e.g., before causing a kernel panic when debugging new kernel code).  In "
"general, the processor should be halted using the B<shutdown>(8)  or "
"B<reboot>(8)  or B<halt>(8)  commands, which will attempt to put the system "
"in a quiescent state before calling B<sync>(2).  (Various implementations of "
"these commands exist; consult your documentation; on some systems one should "
"not call B<reboot>(8)  and B<halt>(8)  directly.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:48
#, no-wrap
msgid "OPTIONS"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:49
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<--help>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:52
msgid "Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:52
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<--version>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:55
msgid "Print version information on standard output, then exit successfully."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:55
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<-->"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:58
msgid "Terminate option list."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:58
#, no-wrap
msgid "ENVIRONMENT"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:61
msgid ""
"The variables B<LANG>, B<LC_ALL>, B<LC_CTYPE>, and B<LC_MESSAGES> have the "
"usual meaning."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:63
msgid "POSIX.2."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:75
msgid ""
"On Linux, B<sync> is only guaranteed to schedule the dirty blocks for "
"writing; it can actually take a short time before all the blocks are finally "
"written.  The B<reboot>(8)  and B<halt>(8)  commands take this into account "
"by sleeping for a few seconds after calling B<sync>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:80
msgid ""
"This page describes B<sync> as found in the file\\%utils-4.0 package; other "
"versions may differ slightly."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/sync.8:85
msgid "B<sync>(2), B<halt>(8), B<reboot>(8), B<update>(8)"
msgstr ""
